Dry Mouth and Diabetes
Disclaimer: Not medical or professional advice. Always seek the advice of your physician.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases that affects over 4% of the global population. It is particularly important for people with diabetes to maintain good oral health. It is estimated that 96% of patients develop cavities and inflammation of the gums within several years after disease onset.
One of the reasons lies in the degradation of gingival blood vessels and mucous membranes. Another contributing factor comes from the increased level of glucose not only in the blood but also in saliva. The most common oral health problem affecting diabetic people is dry mouth.
Symptoms of Dry Mouth
A healthy person produces 0.5-1.5 liters of saliva each day. Saliva provides a natural defense of the oral cavity from bacteria and acids that cause cavities. The oral cavity is flushed with saliva, which floats away food debris and regulates the pH value. Lack of saliva allows bacteria and acids to remain, increasing the risk of cavities.
Patients with dry mouth often complain of the following unpleasant symptoms.
- bad breath and metallic taste
- sticky feeling in the mouth and trouble swallowing
- thirst, cracked and dry lips
- difficulty speaking
- burning sensation in the mouth and bleeding gums
- plaque on the tongue
In the early stages of the condition, symptoms tend to occur periodically, especially after prolonged bouts of talking, overwork, or in the morning. Examination of the oral cavity shows that the mucosa is moist and salivary consistency is frothy. The progression of diabetes provokes an increase in symptoms, causing constant dryness of the mouth. As a result, chewing and swallowing food becomes more difficult.
The next stage is characterized by alterations in salivary gland function. Patients experience pain when speaking and a rotten mouth smell. Other symptoms include decreased quality of nasal breathing, hoarse voice, burning and itching sensations in the mouth, particularly in the tongue. External examination reveals dry, cracked skin on lips, sometimes covered in a crust, dry patches in the corners of the mouth, and a bright red tongue.
How to Prevent Dry Mouth Caused by Diabetes
Water and Sugar-free Products
The easiest way to relieve a dry mouth and feel more comfortable is to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Drinking water helps rinse away food particles, maintain a healthy pH balance in your mouth, and keep you hydrated.
Dentists also suggest that chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free hard candies may help ease a dry mouth by stimulating saliva production.
Healthy Diet
Diabetic thirst indicates a sharp rise in blood glucose levels, and high consumption of sugar and fast carbohydrates complicate the process of glucose regulation. People with diabetes should follow a diet rich in vegetables and proteins. Add more low-carb vegetables like spinach, broccoli, and tomatoes. They will provide the body with essential nutrients that can positively affect blood sugar levels.
Choosing Oral Care Products
Using the wrong type of mouthwash and toothpaste can further irritate your mouth and make symptoms of dry mouth worse. It is always best to contact your dentist for guidance on optimal oral care.
Dry air is also one of the leading causes of dry mouth. If you are dealing with low humidity levels within your house, consider getting a humidifier.
Regular Dental Checkups and Professional Cleanings
If you have diabetes, it is critical to visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and checkups. Besides, you should practice good oral hygiene habits such as a thorough tooth brushing and flossing after meals.
You can resolve diabetes-related dry mouth symptoms by following these simple guidelines. You need to discuss possible treatment options with your physician and dentist if your dry mouth persists.